How to use cisco packet tracer

Why Do I Need to Use Packet Tracer?

Completing Practice Labs and Preparing for Cisco Certification

Packet Tracer is an important tool because it is an essential part of preparing for networking exams like the CCNA. Cisco certifications like the CCNA require candidates to complete practice labs, virtual environments that imitate a live networking environment.

Tools like Packet tracer are used for practice labs and help students to take their book learning and apply it to a real-time environment. Being able to design networks with topology elements like nodes, routers and cables teaches the user how networks are made.

Having the technical expertise to construct and maintain networks in a virtual environment is essential for passing the exam. The more practice you have on network simulators like Packet Tracer, the greater the chance of achieving certification.

Network Design

Packet Tracer is used by some network administrators to design networks. Creating topology guides with a tool like packet tracer is preferable to using pen and paper because you can add and remove new features without having to scribbe anything out and start from scratch!

Testing Out Changes in a Safe Environment

Cisco Packet Tracer is also used by professional network administrators for testing network changes. Before changing a network the user can try out new topology changes to see if everything works correctly. If there aren’t any hiccups then the changes can be deployed in a live network.

Configuring the Router

At this point, the router still needs be turned on. To setup the router, click on the router icon so that the configuration menu is raised. Here you will need to verify that the router is turned on. If the router is on there will be a small green light below the switch:

The next step is to open Ethernet ports to allow communication. Currently they are physically connected by inactive in a state referred to as administrative shut down. Click on the CLI tab to raise the configuration menu. The configuration menu acts the same as Cisco IOS:

Press RETURN to start the session
Type enable to activate privileged mode (this gives you more options in configuring the router)
Type config terminal (or config t for short) to access the configuration menu.
Type interface fastethernet0/0 to access Ethernet0/0.
Type IP address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 to assign an IP address and subnet mask to the interface.
Type no shutdown to finish.

After following these steps, you should see the following message:

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Now we have to repeat the process for fastethernet0/1 to activate the connection to PC1. Remember to enter a different IP address!

Press Ctrl + Z to go back to the previous mode
Type interface fastethernet0/1
Type IP address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Type no shutdown

Once you have completed these steps, the router is configured! However, if you run a ping test you will find that the computers don’t communicate.

How to Download Cisco Packet Tracer

One of the biggest advantages of Cisco Packet Tracer is that it is a free tool. However, it is only available to members off the Cisco Networking academy (updates can also be accessed via the Cisco.Netacad.net login portal). As a result if you want to download Packet Tracer you will need to enroll in one of their courses. Once you’ve done that you’ll need to take the following steps:

Click ‘Enroll to Download Packet Tracer’
Enroll in the Introduction to Packet Tracer course
Finish registration for the Networking Academy registration
Start the Introduction to Packet Tracer courser
Follow the download instructions

Packet Tracer can be downloaded via Windows and Linux. More information can be found via this link here. Once you’ve downloaded Packet Tracer, follow the setup wizard instructions to complete the installation.

The need for practice

The knowledge you get in the field is different than the one you get on the books. You can consider this statement as always true, but in networking, it is extremely true. In order to set up an Enterprise network, you should know pretty well all the configuration commands and the logic behind them. There are no shortcuts on knowing logic and concepts, but with the command, it’s a little bit different. Instead of memorizing all the commands word-by-word, if you understand how the Cisco device processes them you will be able to do the configuration anyway. You can get hints by the operating system, and you can rely on Google for quick searches. Moreover, real-world practice allows you to don’t blow up your network for a distraction. There are tons of items that you know about, but that you might forget about them when you are doing the configuration.

In our CCNA course you can find a lot of hints to avoid mistakes, but practice is the real deal. You have several options to apply what you learn:

On the job training – if you are already working in Networking or ICT
Simulation software, like Cisco Packet tracer
Emulation software, like GNS3

Cisco developed Packet Tracer specifically for CCNA-level training, and this is why we chose it. While Packet Tracer cannot help you with CCNP labs, it is great to try out CCNA-level stuff. More than that, it is probably the simpler one to use and configure: download, install, done. Before getting into labs, as we will in the following articles, it’s time to get our Packet Tracer running.

Configuring devices in Cisco Packet Tracer

Configuring a Network Device

In Packet Tracer, you are going to work with a huge variety of devices. Therefore, you are going to face different ways on configuring devices, depending on the device itself. Two major device categories exist: network devices and end-devices, each with its own configuration.

You are going to configure network devices by using the CLI (Command-Line Interface), where you interact with the device using text only. To reach the CLI of a network device, just click on it with the select tool. A new window will pop-up, and from its tabs you just have to select CLI. This way, you will gain console access to the device.

This is the CLI of our switch.

In this tutorial, we are not going to configure any network device. The only switch we added will work out-of-the-box, no configuration needed. Instead, read on to see how we will configure end devices.

Configuring End Devices

Configuring end devices is relatively simple, as you can do it completely from the Graphical Interface of Cisco Packet Tracer. The mechanism is always the same, just click on the device you want to configure and a new window will pop-up. From that window, navigate to the config tab. In there, we need to configure the interface, so click on that from the menu on the left (if you don’t see it, click on from that menu to see the interfaces).

This is the window we use to set the IP address of a device.

In this window, select “Static” in the “IP Configuration” box. Then, configure the PC on the left with an IP address of and a subnet mask of . After that, configure the other PC with an IP address of and the same subnet mask as the other one. For now, you don’t need to specify anything else: you can just close those windows, Packet Tracer will maintain the changes you made.

Лабораторная работа №5: Cisco Packet Tracer: Wi-Fi (10.05.2018)

Создать модель локальной сети, состоящей из обычного домашнего wi-fi роутера и маршрутизатора, который имитирует провайдера Интернета. Использовать интерфейс Fast Ethernet. Добавим ещё пользовательское устройство, например ноутбук. Установим модуль wi-fi (WPC300N) в ноутбук.

Настройка модели

1)Настройки маршрутизатора провайдера Router0 (жирным выделено то, что необходимо ввести с клавиатуры:

Router>en Router# Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router (config)#int fa0/0 Router (config-if)#ip address 210.210.0.1 255.255.255.252 Router (config-if)#no shutdown

Router (config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router (config-if)#end Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#wr mem Building configuration.

2)Настройки домашнего wi-fi маршрутизатора Wireless Router0

выполняется с помощью веб интерфейса.

Настройка внешнего интерфейса во вкладке Setup показана на рисунке.

Настройка локальной сети (Network Setup)

Выбираем по умолчанию ip-адрес 192.168.0.1, маска 24-битная 255.255.255.0, разрешён DHCP-сервер, начало раздачи с адреса 192.168.0.100 и всё. После чего незабываем сохранить настройки, нажать на кнопку внизу формы Save Settings.

Настройки во вкладке Wireless, т.е. wi-fi. Выбираем основные настройки вайфая: режим (mode), мы выбираем смешанный (mixed); идентификатор сети (SSID) — netskills; ширина канала (Radio Band) — auto; частоту — 1-2.412HGz; видимость сети (SSID Broadcast) — видимая (enable). Сохраняем настройки.

Переходим ко вкладке Wireless Security. Выбираем режим шифрования WPA2 Personal, алгоритм шифрования AES, ключевое слово для выбранного режима шифрования не менее 8 символов. Сохраняем.

3)Настройка wi-fi адаптера на ноутбуке. Вкладка Desktop->PC Wireless->Connect. Смотрим доступные нам сети. Нажимаем кнопку Connect для подключения к сети netskills.

Если настройки произведены верно, то появиться пунктирная линия между wi-fi маршрутизатором и ноутбуком как на рисунке.

Введём на ноутбуке в командной строке команду ipconfig, чтобы проверить правильность настроек. Из рисунка видно, что DHCP- сервер присвоил правильный ip 192.168.0.100 Пропингуем шлюз (wi-fi маршрутизатор) и пропингуем адрес интернет провайдера. На рисунке видно, что в обоих случаях пинг идёт.

При этом NAT мы не использовали, так как практически на всех wi-fi маршрутизаторах NAT используется по умолчанию.

Alternatives to Packet Tracer

There are a number of competitors to Packet Tracer that are worth considering. The three main competitors are: Boson’s Netsim, Dynamips and GNS3.

Boson’s Netsim

Netsim is the only one of these alternatives that isn’t open source. NetSim is designed specifically for Cisco Certification training, with topology creation and the ability to share labs and topologies with the NetSim community. The price of Netsim varies depending on the package you want. In total there are three packages available to purchase;

NetSim for CCENT $99 Single User License with 98 CCENT Labs
NetSim for CCNA $179 Single user License 98 CCENT Labs and 73 CCNA Labs
NetSim for CCNP $349 Single User license 98 CCENT Labs, 73 CCNA Labs, 145 CCNLP labs

You can view more information on the pricing options of NetSim via this link here.

Dynamips

Dynamips is a network simulation program that was designed specifically to help imitate Cisco devices. Dynamips is available for Windows, Mac OS and Linux. You can download it for free via this link here.

GNS3

GNS3 or Graphical Network Simulator is another network simulation tool that can be used to prepare for Cisco certifications. GNS3 is open sourced and available for Windows, Mac and Linux. GNS3 can be downloaded for free via this link here.

Packet Tracer: A Rite of Passage

Packet Tracer can be difficult to get used to when you’re starting out. While it may seem simple to add new topology elements if your networking knowledge is lacking then you’re going to have a steep learning curve. The more time you spend on Packet Tracer the more fluent you will become with running network simulations and troubleshooting.

Becoming familiar with a tool like Packet Tracer is an important intermediary step in preparing to monitor an enterprise-grade network. To many network administrators, Packet Tracer is a rite of passage. Learning how to configure a router in Packet Tracer will put you on the road towards become a competent and battle-tested network administrator.

3.4 Настройка IPsec

Приложение 1

Приложение 2

Введение

Многие склонны
преуменьшать важность защиты информации в корпоративных сетях. Однако, как
показывает практика и исследования специалистов по защите информации в
корпоративных сетях, совсем напрасно

Злоумышленники постоянно пытаются найти
бреши в защите корпоративной сети. Если защита корпоративной сети недостаточно
сильна, это может привести к потере конфиденциальной информации.

Задачи курсового проекта
является обеспечение защиты корпоративной сети с ипользованием списков доступа
и туннелей VPN.

В
данном методическом пособие будет рассмотрена проблема построения защищенной
кооперативной сети представленной моделью создаваемой в системе моделирования CISCO
Packet Tracer .

В
данном пособие будут рассмотрены следующие моменты:

1)Обшие принципы построения
сетей(присвоение IP адресации, настройка маршрутизации)

2) Создание и настройка туннелей типа
точка-точка(Point-to-Point Vpn)
и мультиточка(Dynamic Multipoint Vpn).

3)Шифрование туннелей на основе протокола IPSec

4) Защита серверов HTTP и DNS с
использованием списков доступов

Для этой задачи будем использовать
следующие программы:

1) программа CISCO Packet Tracer- эмулятор
сети передачи данных, выпускаемый фирмой Cisco Systems. Позволяет делать
работоспособные модели сети, настраивать (командами Cisco IOS) маршрутизаторы и
коммутаторы, взаимодействовать между несколькими пользователями (через облако).
Включает в себя серии маршрутизаторов Cisco 1800, 2600, 2800 и коммутаторов
2950, 2960, 3650. Кроме того есть серверы DHCP, HTTP, TFTP, FTP, рабочие
станции, различные модули к компьютерам и маршрутизаторам, устройства WiFi,
различные кабели.Успешно позволяет создавать даже сложные макеты сетей,
проверять на работоспособность топологии.

2) программа GNS3- то графический
симулятор локальной сети предприятия, построенной на основе маршрутизаторов,
фаерволлов компании Cisco. GNS3 основана на открытом коде и распространяется
бесплатно. Основные возможности GNS3:

· Моделирование
«реальной» сетевой топологии.

· Эмуляция
разнообразных маршрутизаторов компании Cisco (например такие серии как – 1700,
2600, 3600, 3700, 7200), так же эмуляция PIX firewall.

· Симуляция
коммутаторов Ethernet, ATM и Frame Relay.

· Подключение
моделируемой сети к сети реальной!

· Захват и анализ
пакетов при помощи Wireshark.

В программе Cisco Packet
Tracer нет ряда возможностей, которыми обладают реальные маршрутизаторы Cisco.
Так мы не сможем создать туннель типа DMVPN.

Программа GNS3 является
эмулятором, которая использует для работы образы ОС Cisco IOS. Т.к эта
программа очень требовательна к ресурсам персонального компьютера., то количество
элементов в сети нужно будет свести к минимуму.

Учитывая все эти факторы, выполнение
работы будет разделено между 2-мя программами:

В Cisco Packet
Tracer:

1) Построение
сети, с учетом элементов корпоративной сети включающей серверы, оконечные
коммутаторы, коммутирующие маршрутизаторы.

2) Построение
сетей оператора.

3) Разработка
системы IP-адресации.

4) Настройка
маршрутизации сети оператора и корпаротивной сети.

5) Создание
туннелей для защиты трафика каналов связи между узлами.

6) Защита
серверов HTTP и DNS с использование списков доступа.

В GNS3:

1) Построение
сеть на основе приграничных маршрутизаторов филиалов.

2) Настройка
маршрутизации.

3) Создание
2х туннелей типа DMVPN(основной и резервный канал).

4) Шифрование
туннелей с помощью протокола IPSec.

Configure the Gateway In Packet Tracer

The final step is to configure the gateway on each desktop computer. The gateway is the address assigned to the Ethernet port that the desktop is connected to. The gateway allows the computer to interface with another network, and ping tests won’t work without it!

Click on PC0 to view the configuration menu. Go to global sendings and find the gateway field. In the gateway field, enter the IP address of the router’s interface, which is 192.168.10.1.

Next click the FastEthernet tab in the left-hand column to set the computer’s IP address on the network. Enter 192.168.10.2 for the IP address and 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask.

Repeat the process for PC1 but use 192.168.20.1 for the gateway address, 192.168.20.2 for the IP address, and 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask.

To confirm that the network works you can send packets from PC0 to PC1 and PC1 to PC0. To do this you need to click the packet icon (the envelope icon) from the menu on the right hand side of the screen:

Now click on PC0 and PC1. At the bottom right hand of the screen you should see a message box that says “Successful”. If the connection isn’t a success double check the IP address or router configuration commands you entered earlier. Syntax errors can often cause connections to fail.

Once you’ve complete all these steps, you will have a functional network. While this is a limited topology with two computers and enterprise networks are considerably more complex, this will help to teach you some basic principles that you can take with you when managing larger networks.

Adding and connecting devices

How to add devices in the drawing window

Now that we know how Packet Tracer works, it’s time to add some devices! Once you add a device to the drawing window you will be able to control it. So, using the device panel we already explained, select End Devices > End devices. Then, drag two “Generic PCs” into your drawing area. After that, move to Network Devices > Switches and drag the switch named 2960 (2960-24TT) into the picture. For simplicity, we put them in a triangle shape.

Two PCs and a switch added in Cisco Packet Tracer.

How to connect devices together

Now that we added the devices, we need to connect them together. To do that, select the Connections > Connections category. Now we have several possibilities, among them you can make Packet Tracer decide which cable suits best every condition. However, for today we are going to use a simple Copper straight-through cable (the black solid line). You know from the previous articles that a device can have multiple NICs, so how do we select the one to plug the cable into? It is extremely simple. Just select the cable, then click on a device you want to connect: a menu with all the available interfaces will open.

From the available interfaces/ports, you can select the one you need.

For this example, we will connect to and to . As soon as you connect the cables, you will see some colored dots on their ends, as in picture below.

Devices are now connected.

Data can travel over a cable only if the two dots on it are green. However, when you connect the cables you will see the switch side turning orange. This is because the switch is doing some checks before turning on the interface, so you just have to wait (or fast-forward the time). The dot indicating the port-status refers to the interface status of the closest device. It can be of three different colors.

Green – the port is working at OSI layer 1 and 2
Orange – the port is powered on, but software is blocking it
Red – the port is shut down

Once your ports become green, you are ready to see how we configure devices in Cisco Packet Tracer.

Packet Tracer Simulation mode

Getting ready for the capture

In networking, we call capture the content of a packet that we catch for debugging purposes. In other words, a packet is flowing onto a cable and we are able somehow to check its content when it’s in the cable. Packet tracer allows us to do so in the simulation mode, but we must create some traffic to capture. The first thing we want to do is to switch to Simulation mode. Now, nothing can happen unless we manually forward the time. Anyway, before that we need to configure capture filters to tell Packet Tracer which type of packets we want to see.

For this capture, we are going to see ARP and ICMP packets.

By default, Packet Tracer will listen to everything. To change that, click on “Show All/None” to remove all active filters. Then, click on “Edit filters” to manually add ARP and ICMP, that you can find under the IPv4 tab. Now, we are ready to generate the traffic to capture.

Generating traffic

For this example, we are going to generate some traffic going from a PC to the other. The traffic we are going to create is ICMP, and we are going to do so with a ping command. Basically, with ping, a PC asks the other “Are you there?” and the other one responds.

Select the PC on the right, then go to the Desktop tab and click on Command Prompt.

This is the desktop tab for a PC in Packet Tracer.

Once the prompt opens, ping the IP address of the other PC. In this case, we are going to do that with the command .

Pinging the other PC in Packet Tracer.

Now, nothing will happen because Packet Tracer is waiting for us to forward time. Meanwhile, if you check the drawing area, you will see that two packets are buffered on your PC waiting to go onto the cable.

Packets in the buffer of the PC.

Each protocol is indicated with a color, so two packets of the same protocol will always have the same color. In this picture, two packets of two colors exist: one is the ICMP and one is the ARP. You can see that they are waiting to be sent because of the loading icon of moving bars on the envelope. Press Capture/Forward in the simulation menu to send the first packet onto the cable.

Checking the content of packets

If you think this is good, Packet Tracer has even more to offer. If you click on any envelope, you will be able to see all its details, including the headers at any OSI layer. Here’s an example of the ARP packet.

This is the ARP PDU as collected with Packet Tracer.

Now, it’s time for you to play with this feature and see how the ICMP requests go on. Remember to check the prompt of your PC once finished to see the records of the replies.

Как настроить роутер cisco packet tracer

Всем привет! Сегодня хочу начать небольшой цикл статей посвященный работе с эмулятором сети Cisco packet tracer. В первом уроке мы разберем как настроить локальную сеть между двумя компьютерами. Это наверное базовая ситуация в которую попадает начинающий системный администратор, так как без сети сейчас уже сложно себе представить работу компьютера, так как давно прошли те автономные времена. ПО времени выполнения задачи мы потратим около 2-3 минут.

Для начала нашего обучения нужно скачать Скачать Cisco packet tracer 6.2. Напомню, что с помощью него можно эмулировать работу реальных устройств таких как коммутаторы и компьютеры, и рисовать простые или сложные локальные сети. Далее вам нужно посмотреть Как установить Cisco Packet Tracer.

И так после установки сформулируем задачу, настроим сеть между двумя компьютерами на прямую. Открываем Cisco packet tracer и слева выбираем End Devices и перетаскиваем на верх два компьютера Generic

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-01

В итоге получаем вот такую картину

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-02

Далее нам нужно соединить два компьютера патч кордом. Для этого выбираем Connections и перекрестный кабель

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-03

Щелкаем теперь по первому компьютеру и подключаем патч корд к FastEthernet0

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-04

Перетаскиваем связь на второй компьютер и выбираем тоже FastEthernet0

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-05

В итоге вы видите что локальная сеть между компьютерами заработала и загорелись зеленые лампочки

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-06

Теперь нужно настроить статический ip адрес у компьютера, для этого щелкаем по первому двойным кликом и переходим в меню Desktop и выбираем IP Configuration

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-07

Задаем ip адрес и маску, у меня это будет ip адрес 192.168.1.1

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-08

На втором делаем тоже самое но задаем ip адрес 192.168.1.2

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-09

Теперь на втором компьютере выбираем Command Promt

Как настроить локальную сеть в Cisco packet tracert-10

Откроется командная строка где пишем Ping 192.168.1.1, и видим что связь есть

Configure a Router with Packet Tracer

Once you’ve installed Packet Tracer, one of the first things you’re going to want to learn is how to configure a router. However before you start doing that, take 30 minutes to become familiar with the user interface and the various elements you can add to the topological canvas.

To begin configuring your router open Packet Tracer and select the router from the bottom left-hand corner. Drag the router into the centre of the canvas.

Next we’re going to set up a basic network that allows two computers to communicate with each other. Now you need to select end devices from the bottom left-hand corner and drag the PC icon into the main canvas. Add two computers and position them below the router on the canvas.

At this point, we’re going to connect the devices with cables. To connect routers and computers together you need to use a crossover cable. Select connections from the bottom left-hand corner, then go to the second second menu from the right at the bottom of the screen and select copper cross-over cable. Now click on Router0 and connect the cable via FastEthernet0/0:

Once you’ve done this, click PC0 and select FastEthernet. A link will be established between the two devices. However, the link isn’t functional yet. You can see this clearly from the red dots on each side of the cable. Once the connection is established successfully the red dots will turn green to show the communication is successful.

Now link PC1 and connect the cable to FastEthernet0/1 (Don’t try to use FastEthernet0/0 because it is already being used by PC0. Your network should look like the following image: